Collared Pratincole (Glareola pratincola) and Oriental Pratincole (Glareola maldivarum) are two very similar species that have non-overlapping breeding ranges except for a small region in Gujarat and thereabouts.
Collared Pratincole breeds in Central Asia and westwards and migrates down to Africa for the winter. Some populations winter in Gujarat and a handful trickle into peninsular India every winter.
Oriental Pratincole migration was not well understood until recently. Millions of Oriental Pratincoles were known to winter along the coast of northwestern Australia. These birds were thought to have migrated there after breeding in East and Southeast Asia. But in 2019, a satellite tagged bird from Australia made a remarkable journey through Southeast Asia to Orissa and finally down to northern Karnataka where it proceeded to breed! Presumably, a number of Oriental Pratincoles (maybe the majority?) that breed across the Indian peninsula are making this incredible journey to Australia and back every year. Some birds however tend to remain in India through the winter.
White-throated Needletail is another species that migrates from India to Australia, this time to eastern Australia and Tasmania.
